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過(guò)去多年,藍鯨也重新改編了它們的“歌聲”
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-12-24 13:19 點(diǎn)擊:
Blue Whales Have Changed Their Tune
導讀:在過(guò)去的幾十年中,藍鯨叫聲的音調越來(lái)越低。
In the last few decades blue whale calls have been getting lower in pitch—and a rebound in their numbers may be the reason. Christopher Intagliata reports.
在過(guò)去的幾十年中,藍鯨叫聲的音調越來(lái)越低 - 可能是因為它們數量的反彈。 Christopher Intagliata報道。
Blue whales are the largest animals ever to exist on Earth. But they’re still tough to track. Because they live underwater where we can’t easily see them--and often in remote areas, like the southern ocean. But the whales’ songs can travel hundreds of kilometers underwater… so scientists often listen for them instead.
藍鯨是地球上有史以來(lái)最大的動(dòng)物。 但他們仍然難以追蹤。 因為他們生活在水下,我們無(wú)法輕易看到它們 - 而且通常是在偏遠地區,如南部海洋。 但是鯨魚(yú)的“歌曲”可以在水下傳播至數百公里的地方......所以科學(xué)家經(jīng)常用這些傳播的聲音代替藍鯨現場(chǎng)發(fā)出的聲音。
But these eavesdropping biologists have noticed a mysterious trend: that certain blue whale calls are gradually lowering in pitch, over time. For example, here’s a call from 2002, followed by one from 2017. <2002–2017 call>
但這些專(zhuān)注藍鯨聲音的生物學(xué)家已經(jīng)注意到一個(gè)迷一樣的的趨勢:隨著(zhù)時(shí)間的推移,某些藍鯨叫聲的音調逐漸降低。 例如,這是2002年的一個(gè)聲音樣本,接著(zhù)是2017年的一個(gè)聲音樣本。<2002-2017聲音錄音>
"It has been observed in blue whale populations worldwide. So this phenomenon has to have a worldwide explanation." Emmanuelle Leroy is a bioacoustician at the University of New South Wales in Australia, who did the work at the University of Brest in France.
“在世界各地的藍鯨種群中我們都觀(guān)察到這種。所以這種現象是全世界共有的,有共同的原因。” Emmanuelle Leroy說(shuō)到,他是澳大利亞新南威爾士大學(xué)的生物聲學(xué)家,曾在法國布雷斯特大學(xué)完成這項工作。
Her team confirmed the phenomenon holds true for populations of blue whales in the southern Indian Ocean, too. And they suggest one reason may be that whale numbers have rebounded from the days of Captain Ahab. More whales means individuals don’t have to shout as loud to be heard by other whales. And because of an anatomical peculiarity in the way whales sing, the softer they sing, the lower the pitch.
她的團隊證實(shí),這種現象也存在于印度洋南部的藍鯨種群。 他們提出一個(gè)原因可能是鯨魚(yú)數量從亞哈船長(cháng)(小說(shuō)《白鯨)里的人物)時(shí)代開(kāi)始反彈。 更多的鯨魚(yú)意味著(zhù)單個(gè)鯨魚(yú)不需要大聲呼叫以被其它鯨魚(yú)聽(tīng)到。 而且由于鯨魚(yú)發(fā)聲方式的在解剖學(xué)上的特點(diǎn),他們發(fā)聲越柔和,音高越低。
The scientists have another theory, too, which may be acting in concert with the first: which is that whales are singing more softly—and therefore more deeply—because increasingly acidic ocean waters carry their calls farther. The full write-up is in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. [Emmanuelle C. Leroy et al., Long‐Term and Seasonal Changes of Large Whale Call Frequency in the Southern Indian Ocean]
科學(xué)家們也提出另一種理論,它可能與第一種理論具有聯(lián)系作用:鯨魚(yú)更發(fā)聲更柔和它的聲音也因此更深入水下,因為越來(lái)越酸性的海水會(huì )將這些聲音傳播得越來(lái)越遠。 相關(guān)研究的完整文章發(fā)表在“地球物理研究雜志:海洋”雜志上。 [Emmanuelle C. Leroy等人著(zhù),南印度洋大型鯨魚(yú)叫聲頻率的長(cháng)期和季節性變化]
Leroy and her team noticed one other short-term trend: that southern blue whales’ songs actually get higher in pitch during the Austral summer. Perhaps in an effort to be heard over cracking icebergs.
Leroy和她的團隊注意到另一個(gè)短期趨勢:南方藍鯨的聲音實(shí)際上在澳大利亞夏季變得更高。 也許是為了在冰山破裂發(fā)出巨大噪聲時(shí),鯨魚(yú)想讓自己的聲音被聽(tīng)見(jiàn)。
"Like when you put an ice cube in your drink, you can hear it crack. So it’s the same for an iceberg - so it will be really loud and you can hear it across an oceanic basin."
“就像你在飲料中放一個(gè)冰塊一樣,你可以聽(tīng)到它裂開(kāi)。所以冰山一樣 - 所以它會(huì )非常響亮,你可以在海洋盆地中聽(tīng)到它。”
To solve these mysteries more definitively, the scientists say that we’ll need to keep listening, and monitor the changing chemical and acoustic properties of the oceans. To see which of these ideas are borne out. And which don’t hold water.
為了更明確地解決這些謎團,科學(xué)家說(shuō)他們需要繼續傾聽(tīng),并監測海洋不斷變化的化學(xué)和聲學(xué)特性。
以上了解哪些想法是可以證實(shí)的,而哪些站不住腳。
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