提到澳大利亞，你的第一反應是什么？考拉？袋鼠？

然而近日，澳大利亞卻和大火聯(lián)系到了一起。山火從去年9月份開(kāi)始燃燒，到現在已經(jīng)持續了四個(gè)月，范圍不斷擴大，過(guò)火面積已經(jīng)超5.25萬(wàn)平方公里，接近600萬(wàn)公頃，相當于一個(gè)克羅地亞。

這場(chǎng)在澳大利亞數十年來(lái)最嚴重的火情已造成 24人死亡，大火摧毀了家園，給野生動(dòng)物帶來(lái)滅頂之災，曾經(jīng)蔚藍的天空也變成了血紅色。

Australia has been ravaged by some of the worst wildfires seen in decades, with the massive blazes destroying homes, devastating wildlife, turning skies blood red and leaving a total of 24 people dead nationwide.

近來(lái)，這樣的故事也就屢次出現在報道上：

熱浪和大火席卷澳大利亞，一只脫水的考拉接近自行車(chē)騎手，希望得到幫助。

A dehydrated and confused koala approached a passing cyclist in what appeared to be a call for help, as a heatwave and wild fires continued to grip Australia.

當時(shí)，騎手Anna Heusler和同伴們在前往阿德萊德附近的山上騎行而下，就看到有考拉坐在路中央。

Anna Heusler was riding her bike down from the hills toward Adelaide, South Australia last Thursday with a group of cyclists when she saw a koala sitting in the middle of the road.

“我們停下來(lái)想幫助它離開(kāi)路中央，免得被汽車(chē)撞上。但是它快速向我走來(lái)，明顯很需要水。”

"We stopped the bikes to help the koala get off the road otherwise they get hit by cars. But the koala walked up to me very quickly, he was obviously very thirsty," Heusler told CNN.

考拉喝了Heusler和同伴水壺里的水，然后被安全轉移到路旁。

When the koala had drunk from both Heusler's and her partner's water bottles, it was moved safely off the road.

而在距離阿德萊德25英里的Cuddle Creek，消防員也救助了一只缺水的考拉。

A firefighter helped a thirsty koala drink water from a bottle in south Australia Sunday while fires raged in the region. The koala appeared in Cuddle Creek, about 25 miles northeast of Adelaide, before the fire game through while firefighters were there.

從圖上可以看到，考拉在喝水的同時(shí)，懷里還抱著(zhù)一個(gè)空水瓶，而它周?chē)�的草地已�?jīng)干枯，背景煙霧升騰。

The animal drinks out of the plastic bottle while an empty bottle sits between its legs. The grass all around the animal is completely dry and smoke rises in the background.

考拉獲救讓人欣慰，不過(guò)更多的時(shí)候，卻只留下這樣無(wú)助的一幕：

在這場(chǎng)大火中獲救的考拉實(shí)屬僥幸，更多的動(dòng)物卻沒(méi)能逃離火場(chǎng)。

近5億動(dòng)物喪生

澳大利亞山火并不罕見(jiàn)，幾乎每年都會(huì )發(fā)生，然而這一次的破壞力卻無(wú)出其右。

Australian states battle bush fires every year -- but little has compared to the widespread devastation of this fire season.

澳大利亞新聞網(wǎng)站：大火造成動(dòng)植物巨大損失

9月開(kāi)始的大火造成動(dòng)物死亡的數量令人難以置信，引發(fā)對于物種滅絕的擔憂(yōu)

據澳大利亞悉尼大學(xué)生態(tài)學(xué)教授克里斯•迪克曼估算，2019年9月以來(lái)，僅在新南威爾士州就有至少4.8億只野生動(dòng)物在森林大火中喪生，4.8億這個(gè)數字包括哺乳動(dòng)物、鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)和爬行動(dòng)物。

Sydney University Ecology Professor Chris Dickman said 480 million animals had been killed in New South Wales alone including mammals, birds and reptiles.

悉尼大學(xué)3日發(fā)表聲明說(shuō)，克里斯•迪克曼教授基于世界自然保護基金會(huì )關(guān)于土地清理對新州野生動(dòng)植物影響的報告，獲得了該州哺乳動(dòng)物種群的密度估算值，再用密度估算值乘以被林火焚毀的土地面積，最終得出這一數字。

聲明說(shuō)，迪克曼在計算時(shí)使用了高度保守的估計，且他的計算并不包括對生態(tài)系統健康十分重要的昆蟲(chóng)、蝙蝠和青蛙。因此，新州真實(shí)的野生動(dòng)物死亡數字可能遠遠超過(guò)4.8億。

That number does not include insects, bats or frogs that are essential to the health of an ecosystem. 'The true loss of animal life is likely to be much higher than 480 million,' he said.

悉尼大學(xué)的生態(tài)學(xué)家們還表示，這些因林火喪生的野生動(dòng)物，很多是直接死于大火，還有一些死于食物枯竭與棲息地喪失。

“Many of the affected animals are likely to have been killed directly by the fires, with others succumbing later due to the depletion of food and shelter resources,” the University of Sydney ecologists said.

而澳大利亞大陸，有244個(gè)沒(méi)有在世界其他地方發(fā)現的野生動(dòng)物物種。生態(tài)學(xué)家擔憂(yōu)，災難性的大火將數十年來(lái)的動(dòng)物保護努力付之一炬，有些物種可能面臨滅絕的結果。

The continent contains 244 species of wildlife found nowhere else. Ecologists fear the catastrophic fires have pushed back conservation efforts by decades and some species may become extinct as a result.

社交媒體上則流傳著(zhù)燒傷考拉接受治療、動(dòng)物尸體橫陳路邊、袋鼠驚慌逃離火場(chǎng)的照片。

Pictures and images on social media show charred koalas receiving medical attention, bodies of dead animals lying on the ground and kangaroos desperately running from blazes.

（圖片來(lái)源：英國《每日郵報》網(wǎng)站視頻）

上周五，澳大利亞環(huán)境部門(mén)負責人Sussan Ley在接受ABC廣播采訪(fǎng)時(shí)表示，大約有8000只考拉在大火中喪生，占新南威爾士州考拉總數的30%。

The estimated death toll included up to 8,000 koalas, according to the federal environment minister Sussan Ley, who said in an ABC Radio interview last Friday that up to 30 percent of the species in New South Wales may have been wiped out.

她說(shuō)：我們在火勢平息后會(huì )了解更多情況，才能做出更正確的評估。

“We’ll know more when the fires have calmed down and a proper assessment can be made,” she said.

據《每日郵報》報道，在澳大利亞袋鼠島大火中，超2萬(wàn)只考拉死亡。3日，叢林大火襲擊澳大利亞第三大島袋鼠島，燒毀超15萬(wàn)公頃森林。不僅行動(dòng)緩慢的考拉遭重創(chuàng )，跑跳速度很快的袋鼠也死傷無(wú)數。

澳大利亞新南威爾士州自然保護協(xié)會(huì )的生態(tài)學(xué)家Mark Graham表示，考拉沒(méi)有足夠的快速移動(dòng)能力，也就無(wú)法從迅速蔓延的林火中逃離。

Mark Graham, an ecologist with the Nature Conservation Council, told that koalas have “no capacity to move fast enough” to escape from fast-moving fires that spread between trees.

血色的天空

上周日，由于致命大火，澳大利亞?wèn)|南部地區的天空呈現出了血紅色，居民慌忙逃難，而資深救火隊員則形容過(guò)去的24小時(shí)是“我們經(jīng)歷過(guò)最糟糕的一天。”

Skies turned blood red above parts of southeast Australia last Sunday as residents sought refuge from deadly bushfires, and a senior firefighter described the previous 24 hours as "one of our worst days ever."

新南威爾士州Pambula的照片，顯示出的一片詭異煙幕籠罩的大地，而天空則是熾熱的紅色。

Photographs of Pambula, in the state of New South Wales, showed an eerie, smoke-filled landscape, with an otherworldly, blazing red sky.

根據當地消防部門(mén)統計，該州有146處火情，65處未得到控制。周日大約有2700名消防人員參與滅火。

A total of 146 fires are burning across the state, with 65 uncontained, according to the NSW Rural Fire Service (NSWRFS). About 2,700 firefighters were tackling the blazes on Sunday.

就在一天后，由于大火導致濃煙籠罩堪培拉，空氣質(zhì)量極差，澳大利亞聯(lián)邦政府關(guān)閉了這里負責應急反應的部門(mén)。周一時(shí)，堪培拉的空氣質(zhì)量指數為340。

The Australian federal government department responsible for managing emergencies shut its Canberra office due to poor air quality on Monday as the nation's capital choked on smoke from deadly bushfires. On Monday, Canberra had a rating over 340 on the Air Quality Index.

也就在5號，煙塵飄過(guò)塔斯曼海，抵達新西蘭北島北部地區上空，新西蘭最大城市奧克蘭籠罩在黃褐色煙塵中。奧克蘭上午還是晴到多云，午后突然籠罩在黃褐色煙塵中。人們在社交媒體上紛紛評論說(shuō)，下午2時(shí)的奧克蘭好像太陽(yáng)要落山了一樣，“少見(jiàn)而又詭異”。

為何這場(chǎng)火越燒越大？

上周日，澳大利亞總理Scott Morrison則發(fā)出警示，火情最艱難的時(shí)期可能是1月底2月初：“危機尚未過(guò)去，還將持續數月。”

Last Sunday, Prime Minister Scott Morrison cautioned that for some states, the most difficult fire seasons could be later in January and February. "The crisis is not over," he said. "There are months to go."

為何澳大利亞大火燃燒數月，卻滅不了？

其實(shí)是這樣的

除了澳大利亞的地理氣候特征、主要樹(shù)種為富含油脂的桉樹(shù)，以及近年來(lái)高溫干旱疊加等客觀(guān)因素，澳大利亞總理對于這次大火的處理，也飽受批評。大火發(fā)生時(shí)，他卻“缺席”了，甚至去夏威夷度假，低估了氣候變化的影響。

The prime minister has faced persistent accusations of being too absent, including by taking a holiday to Hawaii, and underplaying the role of climate change.

不過(guò)，Scott Morrison卻說(shuō)對于他處理大火問(wèn)題上的批評，不會(huì )阻止他繼續完成現有工作。

Asked about criticism of his handling on the bushfires at the weekend, Morrison said that it would not stop him from getting on with the job at hand.

他在6日宣布將設立新機構協(xié)調救災和重建工作。澳國防軍也出動(dòng)預備役軍人，與專(zhuān)業(yè)人士一起救災。為支持全國賑災，澳各界也在積極捐款。據當地媒體報道，目前捐款總額已達約2500萬(wàn)澳元。

綜合來(lái)源：新華網(wǎng)，央視新聞，CNN，BBC，news.com.au，Huffton Post，NBC4

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