4、狀語(yǔ)從句的常見(jiàn)譯法：a 詞類(lèi)轉義法；b 順譯法；c 增詞法 、狀語(yǔ)從句的常見(jiàn)譯法： 詞類(lèi)轉義法； 順譯法； 詞類(lèi)考點(diǎn)……分詞的譯法 分詞的譯法 詞類(lèi)考點(diǎn) 1998 年 Cobe is designed to see just the biggest structures, but astronomers would like to see much smaller hot spots as well, the seeds of local objects like clusters and superclusters of galaxies. They shouldn't have long to wait. 73)Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon. 1、劃動(dòng)詞，定主謂，明確各分句。動(dòng)詞 are ，report 2(世博北京翻譯公司)、縷關(guān)系，定詞義，按意群翻譯。 3、按邏輯調整語(yǔ)序（意群內部的語(yǔ)序） ，寫(xiě)中文表達。 Astrophysicists 天體物理學(xué)家 working 引導部分相當于定語(yǔ)從句 ground-based detectors：陸基探測器 air－based missile：天基導彈 sea－based missile ?；鶎?balloon-borne instruments 球載探測器 air-borne troop：空降部隊 borne：bear 的過(guò)去分詞，忍受，承受，承擔，運載 air－borne radar：機載雷達 bear bore borne work with：和……一起工作 closing in 包圍 closing in means to surround gradually and from all sides in threatening way closing in on 合力觀(guān)察 4、重組合，刪多余，核對和檢查。 翻譯：一群天體物理學(xué)家們使用在南極附近的陸基探測器及球載探測器正在合力觀(guān)察這些結構，不久 就會(huì )報告他們的發(fā)現。 總結： 總結： 分詞的第一個(gè)譯法：分詞譯成句子的一個(gè)成分，即主謂結構， 一種比較好的方式， 分詞的第一個(gè)譯法：分詞譯成句子的一個(gè)成分，即主謂結構，是一種比較好的方式，翻譯時(shí)不宜單獨 成句。 成句。 2(世博北京翻譯公司)000 年 75) Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements－themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect. Additional social stresses 新的社會(huì )壓力，此處不可譯為“額外的” problems arising from mass migration movements 分詞結構，做定語(yǔ) 19  

mass migration movements 大規模的人口流動(dòng)。 migration 遷徙、遷移、流動(dòng)、移動(dòng) the movement from one place to another of a large group of people mass destruction weapon 大規模武器 因為人口爆炸以及由大規模人口流動(dòng)所帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題 themselves 指代 movements，是句內指代。 譯文：新的社會(huì )壓力很可能是由于人口爆炸和大規模人口流動(dòng)所產(chǎn)生的，今天現代化的交通方式使的 這種人口流動(dòng)相對更加容易。 分詞的第二個(gè)譯法： 分詞的第二個(gè)譯法：分詞在考研英語(yǔ)中通常做狀語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)，翻譯時(shí)根據其信息負載量的大小來(lái)確定它 第二個(gè)譯法 的方式和位置，如果信息負載量比較小，可以做前置定語(yǔ)，負載量比較大，可以單獨成句。此方法還適用 于過(guò)去分詞的翻譯。 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)第一種譯法：將其譯為被字結構或者相近似的結構 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)第一種譯法： 2(世博北京翻譯公司)002(世博北京翻譯公司) 年 The environment is obviously important, but its role has remained obscure. It does not push or pull, it selects, and this function is difficult to discover and analyze. 63) The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood, however, effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become available formulate formula 用公式表達、明確地表達、做簡(jiǎn)潔陳述、闡釋清楚、規劃或構想 pl. formulas / formulae 公式、方程式、[醫]配方、處方。 role 作用，角色 play a role in something 在這個(gè)事件中起重大作用 shape 塑造 I was caught in the rain. 我叫雨淋了。 叫 譯文：在進(jìn)化中自然選擇的作用在一百多年前才得以闡釋清楚，環(huán)境在塑造和維持個(gè)人行為的方面的 選擇性作用才剛剛開(kāi)始被認識和研究。 二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)第二種譯法：把被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)直接譯為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)第二種譯法： 2(世博北京翻譯公司)000 年 2(世博北京翻譯公司)0  

At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, 74) in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization－with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed－was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned. 動(dòng)詞：was，may undergo early 早期的， 最早的 the process of industrialization 工業(yè)化進(jìn)程 over nearly a century 一百年左右 pattern 模范，式樣，模式，樣品，格調，圖案 social pattern 社會(huì )結構 = social structure decade 十年 score 二十 如果句中只有一個(gè)破折號，那么直接把破折號翻譯出來(lái)就可以了；如果句子中有兩個(gè)破折號（ 如果句中只有一個(gè)破折號，那么直接把破折號翻譯出來(lái)就可以了；如果句子中有兩個(gè)破折號（中間是 插入語(yǔ)） 插入語(yǔ)）時(shí)，要靈活處理插入語(yǔ)成分。關(guān)鍵是要分析一下插入語(yǔ)起一個(gè)什么樣的語(yǔ)法功能。 要靈活處理插入語(yǔ)成分。關(guān)鍵是要分析一下插入語(yǔ)起一個(gè)什么樣的語(yǔ)法功能。 譯文：在歐洲早期的工業(yè)化國家，工業(yè)化進(jìn)程以及隨之而來(lái)對社會(huì )結構造成的深遠影響都持續了一 個(gè)世紀左右。然而，今天一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家可能經(jīng)歷同樣的過(guò)程只需要 10 年左右的時(shí)間。 三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的第三個(gè)譯法，把主語(yǔ)變賓語(yǔ) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的第三個(gè)譯法， 1999 年 While history once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy, the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an understanding of the past. Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world. 73) During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study. Transfer 相等于 change 或者 reform to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.分詞作定語(yǔ)修飾 methodologies traditional historical methods 傳統的研究歷史的方法(此處需增詞點(diǎn)明是研究歷史) augment 擴大，擴充 = enlarge 擴大 enlarge your vocabulary methodology 方法論 additional 本義是：另外的，額外的。文中意思：新的 additional methodologies 新的方法論 翻譯方法：把主語(yǔ)變賓語(yǔ)； 翻譯方法：把主語(yǔ)變賓語(yǔ)；把賓語(yǔ)變主語(yǔ) 該句主干：新的方法體系擴充了傳統的歷史研究方法。 designed to do ＝in order to do 指在干什么 new forms of evidence 新形式的史料 2(世博北京翻譯公司)1   翻譯公司 (責任編輯：世博翻譯公司)