三、翻譯英語(yǔ)習語(yǔ)應注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題
A. 準確理解習語(yǔ),切毋望文生義,弄出笑話(huà)來(lái)。
例如下面幾例就是因為理解錯了,所以譯文不對:
(1(世博英文翻譯公司))John likes to pat himself on the back. 約翰喜歡捶自己的背。(正確譯法:約翰喜歡自吹。)
(2)Then it happened that I had to answer the call of nature, and, passing, I saw the risen dough, which seemed to say to me, "Do it!" In brief, I let myself be persuaded. 碰巧我現在得對自然的召喚作出答復(正確譯法:碰巧這時(shí)我想解手),走著(zhù),我看到了發(fā)起來(lái)的面團,它好象對我說(shuō),"撒吧!"簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō),我真的這么做了。
(3(世博北京翻譯公司))He kissed the hare's foot. 他吻了兔子的腳。(正確譯法:他遲到了。)
有時(shí),一些貌似有理?yè)蚝虾踹壿嫷牧曊Z(yǔ)極易導致人們相信自己直覺(jué)而疏于查考,單從字面或比喻意義去聯(lián)想,造成理解以至表達的錯誤。這就要求譯者不能馬虎,不能望文生義,而需殫精竭慮,采取細針密縷的態(tài)度。例如: There is no love lost between them.很容易被理解成"他們彼此恩愛(ài),感情從未破裂",而實(shí)際意思卻是"他們互相憎恨,毫無(wú)愛(ài)情可言。" 類(lèi)似的例子還有:
(1(世博英文翻譯公司)) It is a good horse that never stumbles.
好馬也有失蹄時(shí)。(不宜譯成"良馬不失蹄")
(2) It is a good man that never stumbles, and a good wife that never grumbles.
好丈夫也有過(guò)失,好妻子也會(huì )嘮叨。(不宜譯成"從不失足的丈夫是好丈夫,從不嘮叨的妻子是好妻子")
(3(世博北京翻譯公司))It is an ill bird that fouls its own nest.
再壞的鳥(niǎo)也不至于弄臟自己的窩。(不宜譯成"弄臟自己的窩的是壞鳥(niǎo)雀"。)
(4) Time and tide wait for no man. 時(shí)光如潮水, 不等任何人。(不宜譯為"時(shí)光和潮水不等人"。)
(5) Of soup and love, the first is the best.
戀愛(ài)如喝湯, 頭一碗最香。(不宜譯?quot;頭一次喝湯戀愛(ài)最好"。)
(6)In choosing a wife and buying a sword we ought not to trust another.
擇妻如選劍, 不能靠別人。(不宜譯為 "擇妻和選劍不能靠別人。")
(7) There was never a night or a problem that could defeat sunrise or hope.
黑夜不能阻止日出, 難題無(wú)法抹殺希望。(不宜譯為 "黑夜和難題無(wú)法擊敗日出和希望")
(8) People will be long forgetting her.
人們會(huì )長(cháng)久記住她的。(不宜譯為 "人們在很長(cháng)時(shí)間內會(huì )忘記她"。)
B. 采用套譯法時(shí),要特別注意避免使用民族特色太濃的漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)來(lái)套譯英語(yǔ)習語(yǔ),否則譯文在上下文中就會(huì )顯得不倫不類(lèi),損及原意。例如:
(1(世博英文翻譯公司)) Beauty lies in lover's eyes.
情人眼里出美人。(不宜譯作"情人眼里出西施"。)
(2) Many heads are better than one. 一人不及眾人計。(不宜譯作"三個(gè)臭皮匠,頂個(gè)諸葛亮"。)
(3(世博北京翻譯公司))Never offer to teach fish to swim.不要教魚(yú)兒游泳。(不宜譯作"不要班門(mén)弄斧"。)
(4) Even a worm will turn. 逼人入絕境,綿羊也反抗(不宜譯作"狗急跳墻"。)
(5)Give a dog a bad (an ill) name and hang him. 讒言可畏(不宜譯為"欲加之罪,何患無(wú)辭",其本意是指"一旦給人加個(gè)壞名聲,他就很難洗刷掉了"。)
(6) Lock the stable door when the horse has been stolen.賊去關(guān)門(mén)。 (不宜譯作"亡羊補牢",其原意是"馬盜鎖廄門(mén),為時(shí)已太晚"。)
(7) A miss is as good as a mile. 錯無(wú)大小, 其錯一樣。 (不宜譯作"失之毫厘,謬以千里"。)
(8) have the face 恬不知恥,厚臉皮(不是有面子)
(9) to pull somebody's leg 開(kāi)玩笑(不是拖后腿)
(1(世博英文翻譯公司)0) a big fish in a small pond 山中無(wú)老虎,猴子也稱(chēng)王。(或: 林中無(wú)鳥(niǎo)雀稱(chēng)王。不是 "小塘容不下大魚(yú)"。)
C. 有些習語(yǔ)有多種譯法,哪種譯法恰當要視具體語(yǔ)境而定:
(1(世博英文翻譯公司))Take care of the pence, and the pounds will take care of themselves.
(金錢(qián))積少自然成多。/小事謹慎,大事自成。
(2)One swallow does not make a summer.
一燕不成夏。/輕率推論必成大錯。/一關(guān)渡過(guò)并非萬(wàn)事大吉。
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