(一) 單詞分譯
單詞分譯是指把原文中的一個(gè)單詞拆譯成一個(gè)小句或者句子。采用單詞分譯主要有兩個(gè)目的:一是為了句法上的需要。由于一些單詞在搭配、詞義等方面的特點(diǎn),直譯會(huì )使句子生硬晦澀,翻譯腔十足,而把某個(gè)單詞分譯卻能使句子通順,且不損傷原意。二是為了修飾上的需要,如加強語(yǔ)氣,突出重點(diǎn)等。英語(yǔ)中的名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞等都可分譯。例如:
(1(世博英文翻譯公司))We recognize that China's long-term modernization program understandably and necessarily emphasizes economic growth.
我們認識到,中國的長(cháng)期現代化計劃以發(fā)展經(jīng)濟為重點(diǎn),這是可以理解的,也是必要的。
(2) Then and there he named the startled General lying wounded on his cot the new Commander in Chief of the Airforce…
他就在當時(shí)當地任命這位躺在榻上治傷的將軍為空軍總司令,使這位將軍吃了一驚。
(3(世博北京翻譯公司)) A movie of me leaving that foxhole would look like a shell leaving a rifle.
我離開(kāi)那個(gè)貓兒洞的速度之快,要是拍成電影的話(huà),會(huì )象出膛的子彈一樣。
(4) Yet it is painfully apparent that millions of Americans who would never think of themselves as law-breakers, let alone criminals, are taking increasing liberties with the legal codes that are designed to protect and nourish their society.
顯然,數百萬(wàn)美國人從來(lái)沒(méi)有想過(guò)自己會(huì )違法,更不用說(shuō)犯罪了,而就是他們正在越來(lái)越肆意歪曲旨在保護和培育這個(gè)社會(huì )的法律條文,這真令人痛心。(原文中painfully apparent如照字面譯成"痛心地明顯的",不合漢語(yǔ)表達習慣,將painfully單譯成句,既突出了重點(diǎn),表明作者對這一現象感到痛心的心情,又使語(yǔ)言自然流暢。)
(5) At present people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle-ground reply.
現在,人們都傾向于采取不偏不倚的態(tài)度來(lái)回答問(wèn)題,因為它安全,不招風(fēng)險。
(choose the safety of the middle-ground reply如機械直譯成"選擇不偏不倚回答問(wèn)題的安全",語(yǔ)言晦澀難懂。將safety分譯出來(lái)則較好地解決了這一問(wèn)題。)
(6) Auntie Julia vainly asked each of her neighbours in turn to tell her what Gabriel had said.
朱利亞姨媽接連向坐在旁邊的人打聽(tīng)加布里埃爾剛才說(shuō)了些什么,卻沒(méi)有問(wèn)出個(gè)所以然來(lái)。
(二) 短語(yǔ)分譯
短語(yǔ)分譯是指把原文中的一個(gè)短語(yǔ)分譯成一個(gè)句子。名詞短語(yǔ)、分詞短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)等有時(shí)都可以分譯成句。例如:
(1(世博英文翻譯公司)) These cheerful little trams, dating back to 1(世博英文翻譯公司)873(世博北京翻譯公司), chug and sway up the towering hills with bells ringing and people hanging from every opening.
這些令人歡快的小纜車(chē)建于1(世博英文翻譯公司)873(世博北京翻譯公司)年,嘎嚓嘎嚓搖擺爬上高聳的山巒。車(chē)上鈴兒叮當作響,每個(gè)窗口都是人。(介詞短語(yǔ)分譯)
(2) The military is forbidden to kill the vessel, a relatively easy task.
軍方被禁止擊毀這艘潛艇,雖然要擊毀它并不怎么費事。(名詞短語(yǔ)分譯)
(3(世博北京翻譯公司)) Invitingly green Angel Island, once a military installation, contains meandering trails and picnic spots ideal for a day's excursion.
迷人的天使島郁郁蔥蔥,小徑蜿蜒,是一日游的理想野餐場(chǎng)所。但在過(guò)去它卻是一個(gè)軍事基地。(名詞短語(yǔ)分譯)
(三) 句子分譯
句子分譯可以分為簡(jiǎn)單句的分譯、并列復合句的分譯、主從復合句的分譯以及其他情況的分譯。
A. 簡(jiǎn)單句的分譯
(1(世博英文翻譯公司)) Daybreak comes with thick mist and drizzle. 黎明時(shí)分,大霧彌漫,細雨蒙蒙。
(2) But another round of war in the region clearly would put strains on international relations.但是,如果該地區再次發(fā)生戰爭,顯然會(huì )使國際關(guān)系處于緊張狀態(tài)。
B. 并列復合句的分譯
并列英語(yǔ)復合句常常在分句連接處加以切分,譯成兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的句子。例如:
(1(世博英文翻譯公司)) I sat with his wife in their living room, looking out the glass doors to the backyards, and there was Allen's pool, still covered with black plastic that had been stretched across it for winter.
我跟他妻子一起坐在他們家的起居室里,望著(zhù)玻璃門(mén)外的后院。后院里有阿倫的游泳池,上面還蓋著(zhù)過(guò)冬時(shí)鋪上去的黑色塑料蓬。(在連詞and處切分)
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