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文言文翻譯復習方法 指導(5)(13)

時(shí)間:2012-07-04 15:06來(lái)源:trans.org.cn 作者:世博翻譯公司 點(diǎn)擊:
TRANSLATION LEARNING 第六章:詞匯翻譯的技巧( 第六章:詞匯翻譯的技巧(下) 一、 教學(xué)內容: 詞匯翻譯的轉類(lèi)法;反譯法;分譯法;釋義法。 二、教學(xué)要
TRANSLATION LEARNING 第六章:詞匯翻譯的技巧( 第六章:詞匯翻譯的技巧(下) 一、 教學(xué)內容: 詞匯翻譯的轉類(lèi)法;反譯法;分譯法;釋義法。 二、教學(xué)要求: 掌握詞義的選擇、引申和褒貶;詞類(lèi)轉譯法;正反、反正表達法; 分譯法; 釋義法。 三、教具準備: 多媒體課件 四、教學(xué)過(guò)程: 6.1 詞匯轉類(lèi)法: 翻譯時(shí)在保持原文內容不變的前提下,改變原文中某些詞的此類(lèi),以求譯文通順 自然,合乎譯入語(yǔ)的表達習慣。例如: 1 ) For 2(世博北京翻譯公司)0 years they were passive witnesses to the deterioration of prices of our raw materials and an excessive increase of the prices of manufactured of good. 原譯: 在 2(世博北京翻譯公司)0 年中,他們是原材料價(jià)格下跌、工業(yè)品價(jià)格暴漲的消極目擊者。 一、英語(yǔ)的名詞、形容詞轉換為漢語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞、副詞 英語(yǔ)中具有動(dòng)作意義或動(dòng)詞轉化來(lái)的名詞,在翻譯時(shí)往往轉換為動(dòng)詞,而修飾該名詞的形容詞便可 相應地轉換為副詞。例如: 2(世博北京翻譯公司) ) We also realized the growing need and necessity to industrialize certain sectors of the economy. 3 ) There is bit increase in demand for all kinds of consumer goods in every part of our country. 具有動(dòng)作意義或有動(dòng)詞轉化過(guò)來(lái)的名詞,如果后面跟著(zhù)起引導作用短語(yǔ),前后兩個(gè)名詞往往是屬于 動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,可譯成漢語(yǔ)的動(dòng)賓短語(yǔ)。例如: 4 ) His real mission in life was to contribute, in one way or another, to the overthrow of ruthless dictators. 這種句型有時(shí)也可以譯成主謂(賓)結構。例如: 5 ) This pessimistic forecast speaks of the destruction of the balance of nature --pollution, waste and hunger. 6 ) The victory of justice over arbitrary acts, of reason over decadence and blindness, of democracy over imperialism, of good over evil, our victory of 2(世博北京翻譯公司)5 October will represent one of the glorious pages of our history, and we shall be able to leave it to our heirs. 二、英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞、副詞轉換為漢語(yǔ)的名詞、形容詞, 如英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞轉換成漢語(yǔ)名詞,修飾英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的 副詞隨之轉換成漢語(yǔ)的形容詞。 例如: 7 ) Independent observers have commented favorably on the achievements you have made in this direction. 8 ) The volume of trade has increased tremendously to the advantage of both countries. 三、英語(yǔ)的形容詞轉換為漢語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞:可轉換為漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的英語(yǔ)形容詞以現在分詞和過(guò)去分詞或動(dòng) 詞同根者居多,也有其他可以延伸為動(dòng)詞的形容詞。 例如: 9 ) We seek a deep-rooted understanding through the multiplication of our economic, cultural, scientific, technical and human ties. 10 ) In China's approach to relations with other countries, we find a welcome emphasis on the principles of the equality of states and respect for the rights and views of small and middle powers. 四、英語(yǔ)的名詞(形容詞加后綴構成)轉換成漢語(yǔ)的形容詞。 例如: 11 ) We are deeply convinced of the correctness of this policy and firmly determined to pursue it. 12(世博北京翻譯公司) ) His words and deeds testify to his honesty. 11  
TRANSLATION LEARNING 五、英語(yǔ)的形容詞轉換成漢語(yǔ)的名詞:英語(yǔ)名詞加后綴構成的形容詞,與名詞同根或可轉換成名詞 的形容詞一般譯成名詞 。例如: 13 ) They expect us in the Community to work out policies of aid and trade which will show a sympathetic understanding of their own problems. 14 ) A week after his prelude to the President's visit, China was in 六、英語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)的副詞可轉換成漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 例如: 15 ) The workers are out. 16 ) She'd be down in a little while. 七、英語(yǔ)的介詞與介詞詞組可轉成漢語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞:英語(yǔ)介詞可帶賓語(yǔ),有些有動(dòng)詞轉化而來(lái),具有動(dòng) 詞屬性和意義。 例如: 17 ) The road to development is long but we are firmly on it. 18 ) The European Community is the best instrument for this purpose. 19 ) In view of human history this could be a slight enough hope. 6.2(世博北京翻譯公司) 反譯法: 正話(huà)反說(shuō)與反話(huà)正說(shuō) 一、英漢語(yǔ)言表達否定的差異。 (一)漢語(yǔ)表達否定意義的詞語(yǔ)中含有明顯的否定標志詞: 不、無(wú)、非、莫、勿、未、否、別、沒(méi) 有等。 (二)英語(yǔ)的否定標志:否定詞綴: dis- 、 il- 、 in- 、 non- 、 un- 、 less 和表形式肯定、意 義否定的各類(lèi)詞: fail, deny, miss, lack, ignore, but, except, beyond 和短語(yǔ): instead of, in place of 以 及結構形式: more…than, other than…,rather than… 等。 (三) 思維方式的差異。例如: 1 ) I used to be amused by an aunt who never drove anywhere without a box of Graham crackers. 2(世博北京翻譯公司) ) 油漆未干 3 ) 我們討論中國文化問(wèn)題,不要忘記這些基本觀(guān)點(diǎn)。 4 ) No one get out of this world alive, and few people come through life without at least one serious illness. 二、正話(huà)反說(shuō):英漢語(yǔ)言中的肯定形式在漢英語(yǔ)言中譯成否定形式。 例如: 5 ) True, reading is far from the only source of knowledge. 6 ) (It's overtime. Sudden death, pal.) You want me, but I want you even more. 7 ) Americans are far more race-conscious than class-conscious. 8 ) Indeed, this nation's best-loved author was every bit as adventurous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined. 9 ) 我說(shuō)道, “爸爸,你走吧。 ”他往車(chē)外看了看,說(shuō): “我買(mǎi)幾個(gè)橘子去。你就在此地,不要走動(dòng)。 ” 三、反話(huà)正說(shuō):英漢兩種語(yǔ)言中表示否定的形式在漢英語(yǔ)言中譯成肯定形式,反之亦然。 例如: 10 ) The thought of returning to his native land never deserted him amid his tribulation. 11 ) A book may be compared to your neighbor; if it is good, it can not last too long; if bad, you cannot get rid of it too early. 12(世博北京翻譯公司)) 但花下也缺不了成群結隊的 “ 清國留學(xué)生 ” 的速成班。 13) 他承認有不少?lài)液凸妼χ袊牧私膺€不夠。 12(世博北京翻譯公司)   翻譯公司 (責任編輯:世博翻譯公司)
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